Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Angular cheilitis, commonly known as angular stomatitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. It's characterized by painful cracks and fissures, making everyday activities like eating and talking uncomfortable. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for successful treatment:

  • Infections: Fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans (the same fungus responsible for thrush), are a common culprit. Bacterial infections can also play a role.
  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins, especially B vitamins (B2, B3, B12), iron, and zinc, can weaken the skin and make it more susceptible to cracking.
  • Moisture: Excessive saliva accumulation in the corners of the mouth creates a moist environment that promotes fungal and bacterial growth. This can be exacerbated by habits like thumb-sucking (especially in children), drooling during sleep, or wearing ill-fitting dentures.
  • Irritants: Irritating substances like lip licking, harsh weather conditions, and certain cosmetics can damage the skin at the corners of the mouth.
  • Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, anemia, and immune deficiencies, can increase the risk of angular cheilitis.

Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

The symptoms of angular cheilitis typically manifest at the corners of the mouth and can include:

  • Cracking and Fissures: These are the hallmark signs of angular cheilitis. The cracks can be shallow or deep and may bleed.
  • Pain and Soreness: The affected area is often painful, especially when opening the mouth wide.
  • Redness and Inflammation: The skin around the corners of the mouth appears red and inflamed.
  • Itching or Burning: Some people experience itching or a burning sensation.
  • Dryness and Scaling: The skin may become dry, flaky, and scaly.

Treatment Options for Angular Cheilitis

The treatment for angular cheilitis depends on the underlying cause. A healthcare professional can properly diagnose the cause and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.

  • Antifungal Creams: If a fungal infection is present, antifungal creams containing ingredients like clotrimazole or miconazole are typically prescribed. These creams are applied directly to the affected area.
  • Antibacterial Ointments: If a bacterial infection is identified, antibacterial ointments can help to clear the infection and promote healing.
  • Topical Steroids: Mild topical steroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain. However, they should be used sparingly and only under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
  • Nutritional Supplements: If nutritional deficiencies are suspected, supplements containing B vitamins, iron, or zinc may be recommended.
  • Barrier Creams: Applying a barrier cream, such as petroleum jelly or zinc oxide ointment, can help protect the affected area from moisture and irritation, promoting healing.
  • Addressing Underlying Conditions: Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or immune deficiencies, is crucial for preventing recurrent episodes of angular cheilitis.

Home Remedies

While medical treatment is often necessary, some home remedies can provide relief and support the healing process:

  • Good Oral Hygiene: Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential. Brush your teeth regularly and avoid excessive lip licking.
  • Keep the Area Dry: Gently pat the corners of your mouth dry after eating or drinking.
  • Avoid Irritants: Avoid using harsh soaps, cosmetics, or other irritants around the mouth.

Prevention of Angular Cheilitis

Preventing angular cheilitis involves addressing potential risk factors:

  • Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
  • Address Nutritional Deficiencies: If you suspect you have a nutritional deficiency, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and treatment.
  • Avoid Lip Licking: Consciously avoid licking your lips, as this can worsen dryness and irritation.
  • Protect Your Lips: Use lip balm with SPF to protect your lips from sun and wind.
  • Proper Denture Care: If you wear dentures, ensure they fit properly and are cleaned regularly.

Angular cheilitis can be a bothersome condition, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, it can be effectively managed. If you experience symptoms of angular cheilitis, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care.